Southern Ocean State Estimate

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SOSE is produced by constraining the MITgcm (www.mitgcm.org) to Southern Ocean observations using an adjoint model, following the methodology developed by the ECCO group (ecco.jpl.nasa.gov). For more information on the adjoint method see C. Wunsch and P. Heimbach, 2007: Practical Global Oceanic State Estimation. Physica D (pdf).

To produce a Biogeochemical Southern Ocean State Estimate (B-SOSE), the MITgcm is coupled to N-BLING, which is adapted from the original BLING model. It includes nitrogen cycling and is schematized below.


M.I.T. general circulation model
(MITgcm)		 + Biogeochemistry with Light, Iron, Nutrients and Gases
(BLING)

Observations are acquired from diverse platforms, including (click on image links for more info):

Argo
 CTD
 XBT
 IES

Microwave SST
Altimetry
Geoid
Ice

APB
Underway pCO2
Bottled nutrients
Ocean color


Data is acquired mainly from the following sources:

Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM)

Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP)

World Ocean Atlas (WOA)

Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC)

CLIVAR and Carbon Hydrographic Data Office (CCHDO)

NOAA National Ocean Data Center (NODC)

Radar Altimeter Database System (RADS)

Remote Sensing Systems (RSS)


A technical document describing how constraints are processed for assimilation in SOSE can be found here .